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Recovery and breathing

Breathing exercises and their rhythms

Belly breathing, coherence at 6 breaths per minute, box breathing, 4-7-8, alternate nostril breathing, energising breath: the exact timing of each phase, session lengths and suggestions depending on your mood.

4 min read Updated October 9, 2026

Contents
  1. The principle
  2. The Azetta method
  3. Why this choice
  4. Limits
  5. What you set in the app
  6. References

The principle

Slowing your breathing is one of the most direct ways to act on how you feel: an exhale longer than the inhale and a slow rhythm promote calm, a fast rhythm wakes you up. Azetta offers six techniques, each defined by four phases — inhale, hold with full lungs, exhale, hold with empty lungs — and a visual, audio or vibrating guide that paces you through them. The app presents them as ways to calm down or wake up, not as treatments.

The Azetta method

The six techniques

Technique Inhale / hold / exhale / hold One cycle For Default length
Belly breathing 4 / 0 / 6 / 0 s 10 s calming down 5 min
Coherence 5 / 0 / 5 / 0 s 10 s (6 per minute) stress 5 min
Box breathing 4 / 4 / 4 / 4 s 16 s acute stress 4 min
4-7-8 4 / 7 / 8 / 0 s 19 s sleep 4 cycles
Alternate nostril 4 / 0 / 4 / 0 s per nostril 16 s (there and back) focus 5 min
Energising breath 0.6 / 0 / 0.4 / 0 s 30 breaths then 30 s calm energy 3 rounds

For techniques measured in minutes, the session counts the whole number of cycles closest to the chosen length:

Cycles = round(length in seconds ÷ length of one cycle), at least 1

4-7-8 is counted in cycles (4, 6 or 8, 12 at most) and energising breath in rounds (1 to 3, 5 at most). A session lasts 60 minutes at most; it starts with a 3 s countdown, and a session shorter than 10 s is not saved.

Depending on your mood

You feel Suggested techniques
stressed, anxious coherence, box breathing
angry box breathing, belly breathing
unable to sleep 4-7-8, belly breathing
tired belly breathing, energising
low on energy energising, belly breathing
scattered alternate nostril, box breathing
calm, happy belly breathing, coherence

You can log your mood after the session: the app shows the "before → after" pairs.

Why this choice

  • Breathing around 6 times per minute is the rhythm studied in research on cardiac coherence and heart rate variability biofeedback: it is around this rhythm that heart and breathing oscillations synchronise best in most adults.
  • Reviews on slow breathing link these practices to reduced physiological arousal and better reported well-being; a 2023 study found that breathing with a prolonged exhale, practised 5 minutes a day, improved mood.
  • 4-7-8 breathing was popularised by Dr Andrew Weil; alternate nostril breathing (nadi shodhana) and energising breath (inspired by kapalabhati) come from yoga.

Limits

  • No medical effect is promised: these exercises replace neither treatment for anxiety nor sleep care.
  • The app's coherence is set at 6 breaths per minute; each person's ideal rhythm may be slightly different (often between 4.5 and 6.5).
  • The app does not measure your heart rate or its variability during the session.
  • Energising breath is not for everyone (see the warning).

References

  1. Lehrer PM, Gevirtz R. Heart rate variability biofeedback: how and why does it work? Frontiers in Psychology, 2014;5:756.
  2. Zaccaro A, Piarulli A, Laurino M, et al. How Breath-Control Can Change Your Life: A Systematic Review on Psycho-Physiological Correlates of Slow Breathing. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2018;12:353.
  3. Balban MY, Neri E, Kogon MM, et al. Brief structured respiration practices enhance mood and reduce physiological arousal. Cell Reports Medicine, 2023;4(1):100895.